Palavras-chave
Water stress
Agricultural patents
Regulatory approval
Pest management
Como Citar
Resumo
Propósito: analisar o papel da inovação biotecnológica na adaptação da agricultura às mudanças climáticas, com ênfase no desenvolvimento de cultivares tolerantes à seca.
Originalidade: contribui-se para a literatura ao integrar dados patentários e registros regulatórios, oferecendo uma abordagem inédita para avaliar o impacto tecnológico e a adoção comercial de soluções voltadas à tolerância à seca.
Métodos: metodologia baseada na análise de patentes extraídas da base Derwent. O impacto tecnológico foi mensurado por indicadores patentários, complementados por informações regulatórias sobre a aprovação comercial de sementes transgênicas.
Resultados: há uma aceleração dos pedidos de patentes após 2013, concentrada em sementes de milho e soja. Entretanto, a difusão comercial de cultivares tolerantes à seca permanece limitada quando comparada a outros biotech traits (tolerância a herbicidas e resistência a pragas) em função de obstáculos agronômicos e econômicos, sobretudo penalidades de rendimento nas lavouras.
Conclusões: a adaptação da agricultura às mudanças climáticas depende da consolidação de novos sistemas agrícolas integrados, combinando sementes transgênicas, manejo de pragas e políticas públicas de apoio. O artigo contribui para compreender os limites e as possibilidades da biotecnologia agrícola frente ao desafio climático.
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